The change in wavelength was explained by assuming that the X-rays scattered from the electrons in the target as if the X-rays were particles with discrete amounts of momentum and energy. He also found that the scattered X-rays had longer wavelengths than the original beam. He sent a beam of X-rays through a target material and observed that a small part of the beam was deflected at various angles. It is of significance only for microscopic particles because the energy of photons is insufficient to change the position and velocity of larger bodies when it collides with them.ģ) American physicist Arthur Compton highlighted the dual wave and particle nature in his X-ray scattering experiment.
In other words, there is a minimum for the product of the uncertainties of position and momentum. In other words it relates the wavelength associated with a massive particle to its momentum through the Planck’s constant.ĭe Broglie’s equation says that every moving particle - whether microscopic or macroscopic - is associated with a wavelength.įor microscopic objects, wave nature is observable, but for larger objects, the wavelength is becomes so small as to become unnoticeableĢ) Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that the position and the momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrarily high precision.
The particle nature comes from its mass and the wave nature comes from its matter wave defined by the De-Broglie relationship which is given by,ġ) By De Broglie’s equation, we can say that matter also behaves like waves as it relates a moving particle's wavelength with its momentum. This can be termed as dual behaviour as it is displaying both particle and wave nature. Macroscopic objects practically have only particle nature because their wave nature is usually neglected to their large size but on atomic level particles have very less mass and hence both particle and wave nature is considered. This is because, in quantum physics, objects exist in probability that is they have a certain chance of being at point A, another chance of being at point B and so on as compared to classical mechanics, where objects exist in a specific place at a specific time. At the scale of atoms and electrons, many of the equations that we study in classical physics which describe how things move at everyday sizes and speeds, no more appear to be useful.
Quantum Physics results in what may appear to be very strange conclusions about the physical world. The Study of Physics is basically divided into two portions one at the macroscopic level (explained by Newton's laws of motion or that are at scale of human interaction or experience ) known classical while the behaviour at the microscopic level (that are at the scale of an atom) is studied Quantum Physics.
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